Grigory Zass

Baron Grigory Khristoforovich von Zass
Григорий Христофорович фон Засс[1] Georg Otto Ewald Freiherr von Saß
General Zass
Born	(1797-04-29)29 April 1797 Westphalia
Died	4 December 1883(1883-12-04) (aged 86) Šķēde Manor, Courland Governorate, Russian Empire (now Saldus, Latvia)
Monuments	Monument to General G. H. Sass
Nationality	Baltic-German [2]
Citizenship	Russian Empire
Occupation	Military officer
Known for	Russian general, participant in the Caucasian War. He is known for pursuing an extremely cruel policy in which he intimidated the Circassians as part of the Circassian genocide.[3]
Notable work	Founded the city of Armavir in Krasnodar Krai
Title	Baron
Spouse	Baroness Wilhelmina Manteuffel
Parents	Kreiss Marshal Georg Christoph Sass (father) Countess Annette Kettler (mother)
Family	Livonian Brothers of the Sword[4]

Grigory Khristoforovich von Zass (1797–1883; Russian: Григорий Христофорович Засс) was a Russian Imperial general. He commanded Russian cavalry troops in the Napoleonic Wars and Russo-Circassian War.^[5][6][7] He became well known for his genocidal actions against the Circassians. It was said that he thought they were a "lowly race".^[8][9][10] He was the founder of the city of Armavir, Russia.^[5]

In 2003, the Russian Federation controversially built a statue of him on former Circassian territories where the Circassian genocide happened. This made Circassians and Circassian nationalist establishments very mad.^[11][12]

1. ↑ "ZASS Grigory Khristoforovich fon (2797–1883), baron, general ot kavalerii, geroy Kavkazskoy voyny" ЗАСС Григорий Христофорович фон (1797–1883), барон, генерал от кавалерии, герой Кавказской войны. Encyclopedia of Germans of Russia. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
2. ↑ "ZASS Grigory Khristoforovich fon (2797–1883), baron, general ot kavalerii, geroy Kavkazskoy voyny" ЗАСС Григорий Христофорович фон (1797–1883), барон, генерал от кавалерии, герой Кавказской войны. Encyclopedia of Germans of Russia. Retrieved 20 January 2022. He came from an ancient Westphalian baronial family. His ancestors in the fifteenth century moved to the Baltic States.
3. ↑ "Zass Grigory Khristoforovich" Засс Григорий Христофорович. Caucasian Knot. 20 May 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2022. Русский генерал, участник Кавказской войны. Известен тем, что проводил крайне жестокую политику устрашения черкесов. [Russian general, participant in the Caucasian War. He is known for pursuing an extremely cruel policy of intimidating the Circassians.]
4. ↑ "ZASS Grigory Khristoforovich fon (1797–1883), baron, general ot kavalerii, geroy Kavkazskoy voyny" ЗАСС Григорий Христофорович фон (1797–1883), барон, генерал от кавалерии, герой Кавказской войны. Encyclopedia of Germans of Russia. Retrieved 20 January 2022. He came from an ancient Westphalian baronial family. His ancestors in the fifteenth century moved to the Baltic States.
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1} Щербина Ф. А. История Армавира и черкесо-горцев. — Екатеринодар: Электро-тип. т-во «Печатник», 1916.
6. ↑ ki, Muzaffer yıldırım dedi (31 May 2018). "General Zass'ın Kızının Adigeler Tarafından Kaçırılışı". ÇERKES-FED (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
7. ↑ "Jembulat Bolotoko: The Prince of Princes (Part One)". Jamestown. Archived from the original on 25 October 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
8. ↑ Richmond, Walter (9 April 2013). The Circassian Genocide. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-6069-4.
9. ↑ "Velyaminov, Zass ve insan kafası biriktirme hobisi". Jıneps Gazetesi (in Turkish). 2 September 2013. Archived from the original on 13 October 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
10. ↑ Duvar, Gazete (14 September 2020). "Kafkasya'nın istenmeyen Rus anıtları: Kolonyal geçmişi hatırlatıyorlar". Gazeteduvar (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
11. ↑ P., T. (2020). "Çerkeslerden Rusya'ya: Kolonyalist politikalarınız nefret ekiyor". Bianet. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
12. ↑ "New Monuments of Russian Heroes of Russian-Circassian War Anger Circassians". Jamestown. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2021.